There are four basic types of decentralized or distributed networks in blockchain:
Public blockchain.
Public blockchains do not require permissions and allow anyone to join the network. All blockchain participants have equal rights to read, edit, and verify information. Public blockchains are mostly used to exchange and mine cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin.
Private blockchain
Private blockchains, which can also be called managed, are controlled by a single entity. An authorized body determines who can be a participant and what rights they have on the network. Private blockchains are only partially decentralized because they include access restrictions. An example of a private blockchain is Ripple, a digital currency exchange platform.
Hybrid blockchain
Hybrid blockchain combines the functions of both private and public networks. Companies can create both private and public permission systems. In this way, they control access to certain data on the blockchain, but also maintain public access to other data. They use smart contracts that allow public participants to verify private transactions. For example, hybrid blockchains can provide public access to digital currency while maintaining private access to bank currency.
Blockchain Consortia
Blockchain consortia are run by a group of organizations. Pre-selected organizations share responsibility for operating the blockchain and defining data access rights. Blockchain consortia are often preferred by like-minded companies that benefit from shared responsibility. For example, the Global Shipping Business Network is a nonprofit blockchain consortium focused on digitalizing the shipping industry and enhancing cooperation among shipping operators.